The negative environmental impact is mainly the result of using fossil fuels. The use of fossil fuels causes air pollution through emissions of e.g. CO₂, SO₂, NO_x and fine particulates. This has a negative impact on climate, nature and health, resulting in social costs. This negative impact is declining at NS because it is increasingly using green power. Land use, waste, water consumption and noise nuisance also result in negative environmental impacts. Compared with cars, trains have a positive environmental impact. Travelling by train avoids some air pollution in fact, because pollution produced by the train – along with the public transport bicycle – is relatively low compared to car journeys and alternatives for transport to and from the station. The positive impact on noise and land use compared with the care concerns the roads and noise abatement measures that are not required because passengers are opting for the train. We have only calculated the positive environmental impact compared with the care for ‘elective passengers’, i.e. those who are willing and able to make a choice between the car and the train.
Our negative environmental impact improved by €15 million in 2016, mainly due to the switch to using wind energy from 2015 onward. This meant that 73% of the energy used by our trains and buildings was from new green power sources in 2016; as of 2017 this figure will be 100%.The positive environmental impact of travel with NS compared to using the car rose to €205 million as a result.
The current negative environmental impact was about €93 million (€108 million in 2015), broken down into about €48 million as direct consequences of NS and about €45 million in the chain as a whole including transport to and from the station, the manufacture of the trains, plus electricity and infrastructure.

Negative environmental impact

Positive impact with respect to cars